If the chances of conceiving a healthy woman in her 20 years, about 50%, then 30 years this ratio has dropped and women have only about 20% chance of conceiving. At age 40 the chances of conception reduced to 5%, according to American Society for Reproductive Medicine.

Quantity and quality of eggs and sperm are the key components of successful conception. At birth, she has more than 1 million eggs. This number decreased to about 250,000 to 300,000 when it reaches puberty. The woman will ovulate approximately 300 to 500 times during their reproductive years, which is more than enough. The body absorbs unused eggs - degenerative process called follicular atresia.

In this regard, men also have an "internal alarm". With age they are at risk of reduced reproductive capacity and the risk of defective sperm.

Several studies have found that age is not the only reason for existing reproductive problems. Lifestyle, including smoking and alcohol use also affect the possibility of conception.

Smoking before conception
There is growing evidence that smoking significantly longer time to conceive. Studies show that women who smoke cigarettes are subject to the risk of poor quality eggs, and early menopause - both of which reduce the number of reproductive years. According to a study of the British Medical Association, the chances of conceiving fall by 40% in female smokers compared with nonsmokers. As a result, women take longer to conceive a possibility of this happening naturally decreases.Furthermore, the risk of premature birth in women smokers is significantly higher. Smoking before and during pregnancy increases the risk of abortion, since it increases the likelihood that an egg has chromosomal abnormalities.

Health and lifestyle of the men also affects fertilnnostta and conception, according to research. Scientists from the University of the Saarland found that men who smoke at least 20 cigarettes a day have lower concentrations of protamine, two proteins found in semen than men who do not smoke cigarettes. Protamine is considered an integral part of cell division that ensure proper chromosome formation during conception.

Alcohol use before conception
Like how smoking affects fertility, drinking alcohol before trying to conceive may also have an adverse effect, reducing the chances of successful pregnancy and increased risk of miscarriage.

A study published in the journal British Medical Journal found that women who drank more than 10 alcoholic drinks per week, have impaired fertility. Even those who consumed 5 or less per week had difficulties, compared with women who did not consume alcohol while trying to conceive.

It is believed that alcohol affects the levels of estrogen and other reproductive hormones in the body, leading to disturbances in ovulation - prolonged menstrual cycle and cause of anovulatory cycles. In the absence of ovulation, a woman's ovaries do not release the egg and thus conception is impossible.

Alcohol use in men is associated with decreased sperm count and low speed, which means that a larger percentage of available sperm is unable to make a "long journey" to fertilize the egg of the woman.

For higher chances of getting pregnant, health professionals recommend stopping smoking and drinking at least 2-3 months before trying to conceive.
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